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Glycogen (black granules) in spermatozoa of a flatworm; transmission electron microscopy, scale: 0.3 μm. Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals, [ 2] fungi, and bacteria. [ 3] It is the main storage form of glucose in the human body.
The three "R"s stand for carbon substituents or hydrogen atoms. [ 1] In chemistry, an alcohol is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl ( −OH) functional group bound to carbon. [ 2][ 3] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugars and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group ...
Its chemical formula is C 6 H 12 O 6 · H 2 O. [ 38 ] [ 39 ] Dextrose monohydrate is also called hydrated D-glucose , and commonly manufactured from plant starches. [ 38 ] [ 40 ] Dextrose monohydrate is utilized as the predominant type of dextrose in food applications, such as beverage mixes—it is a common form of glucose widely used as a ...
Ethanol fermentation, also called alcoholic fermentation, is a biological process which converts sugars such as glucose, fructose, and sucrose into cellular energy, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide as by-products. Because yeasts perform this conversion in the absence of oxygen, alcoholic fermentation is considered an anaerobic process.
Monosaccharides are the simplest units of carbohydrates and the simplest form of sugar. If the carbonyl is at position 1 (that is, n or m is zero), the molecule begins with a formyl group H (C=O)− and is technically an aldehyde. In that case, the compound is termed an aldose. Otherwise, the molecule has a ketone group, a carbonyl − (C=O)− ...
A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent. [ 1] In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone, which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent. In such a reaction, the sugar becomes a carboxylic acid . All monosaccharides are reducing sugars, along with ...
Polysaccharide. 3D structure of cellulose, a beta-glucan polysaccharide. Amylose is a linear polymer of glucose mainly linked with α (1→4) bonds. It can be made of several thousands of glucose units. It is one of the two components of starch, the other being amylopectin. Polysaccharides ( / ˌpɒliˈsækəraɪd / ), or polycarbohydrates, are ...
Dextrins are a group of low-molecular-weight carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch [ 1] and glycogen. [ 2] Dextrins are mixtures of polymers of D- glucose units linked by α- (1→4) or α- (1→6) glycosidic bonds . Dextrins can be produced from starch using enzymes like amylases, as during digestion in the human body and during ...