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  2. Diffraction-limited system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction-limited_system

    The ratio of this measured beam parameter product to that of the ideal is defined as M 2, so that M 2 =1 describes an ideal beam. The M 2 value of a beam is conserved when it is transformed by diffraction-limited optics. The outputs of many low and moderately powered lasers have M 2 values of 1.2 or less, and are essentially diffraction-limited.

  3. Abbe number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe_number

    Abbe number. In optics and lens design, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of V indicating low dispersion. It is named after Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), the German physicist ...

  4. Condenser (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(optics)

    Abbe condensers are difficult to use for magnifications of above 400X, as the aplanatic cone is only representative of a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.6. This condenser is composed of two lenses, a plano-convex lens somewhat larger than a hemisphere and a large bi-convex lens serving as a collecting lens to the first.

  5. Flint glass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flint_glass

    Flint glass is optical glass that has relatively high refractive index and low Abbe number (high dispersion ). Flint glasses are arbitrarily defined as having an Abbe number of 50 to 55 or less. The currently known flint glasses have refractive indices ranging between 1.45 and 2.00. Traditionally, flint glasses were lead glasses containing ...

  6. Abbe refractometer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe_refractometer

    In the Abbe refractometer the liquid sample is sandwiched into a thin layer between an illuminating prism and a refracting prism. The refracting prism is made of a glass with a high refractive index (e.g., 1.75) and the refractometer is designed to be used with samples having a refractive index smaller than that of the refracting prism.

  7. Amazon is responsible for hazardous items sold by third-party ...

    www.aol.com/news/amazon-responsible-hazardous...

    July 30, 2024 at 1:55 PM. Amazon is responsible under federal safety law for hazardous products sold on its platform by third-party sellers and shipped by the company, a U.S. government agency ...

  8. NBC Select editors’ favorite products from July 2024 - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/nbc-select-editors-favorite...

    To put things into perspective, during Amazon’s 48-hour member-exclusive sale, our team spent over $2,300. That’s only two days out of the 31 we had this month. That’s only two days out of ...

  9. Chromatic aberration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration

    Chromatic aberration. Focal length of lens varies with the color of light. In optics, chromatic aberration ( CA ), also called chromatic distortion, color aberration, color fringing, or purple fringing, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. [ 1][ 2] It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements ...