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  2. Convergence insufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convergence_insufficiency

    Diagnosis of convergence insufficiency is made by an eye care professional skilled in binocular vision dysfunctions, such as an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or orthoptist to rule out any organic disease. Convergence insufficiency is characterized by one or more of the following diagnostic findings: patient symptoms, high exophoria at near ...

  3. Accommodation reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_reflex

    Light from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought to a focus. The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape (accommodation) and pupil size.

  4. Argyll Robertson pupil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argyll_Robertson_pupil

    Argyll Robertson pupils ( AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate ), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy.

  5. Accommodative insufficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodative_insufficiency

    Differential diagnosis. Convergence insufficiency. Accommodative insufficiency ( AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits ...

  6. Pupillary reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_reflex

    In "the near response" there are three processes that occur to focus an image on the retina. Convergence of the eyes, or the orientation of the visual axis of each eye towards an object in order to focus its image on each fovea, is the first of the three responses. This can be observed by the cross-eyed movement of the eyes when a finger is ...

  7. Extraocular muscles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraocular_muscles

    The four recti muscles attach directly to the front half of the eye (anterior to the eye's equator), and are named after their straight paths. [3] Medial and lateral are relative terms. Medial indicates near the midline, and lateral describes a position away from the midline. Thus, the medial rectus is the muscle closest to the nose.

  8. Accommodation (vertebrate eye) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accommodation_(vertebrate_eye)

    The 1 cm spaced grid indicates a near focus focal length of around 6cm. Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. In this, distances vary for individuals from the far point —the maximum distance from the eye for which a clear image of ...

  9. Vergence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergence

    Vergence. The two eyes converge to point to the same object. A vergence is the simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to obtain or maintain single binocular vision. [ 1] When a creature with binocular vision looks at an object, the eyes must rotate around a vertical axis so that the projection of the image is in the centre of ...

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