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  2. DTMF - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dtmf

    Autovon keypads were one of the few production units to include all 16 DTMF signals. The red keys in the fourth column produce the A, B, C, and D DTMF events. Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) is a telecommunication signaling system using the voice-frequency band over telephone lines between telephone equipment and other communications devices and switching centers. [1]

  3. Log amplifier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log_amplifier

    Log amplifier. A log amplifier, also known as logarithmic amplifier or logarithm amplifier or log amp, is an amplifier for which the output voltage Vout is K times the natural log of the input voltage Vin. This can be expressed as, where Vref is the normalization constant in volts and K is the scale factor.

  4. Multiplexer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexer

    Like a multiplexer, it can be equated to a controlled switch. In electronics, a multiplexer (or mux; spelled sometimes as multiplexor ), also known as a data selector, is a device that selects between several analog or digital input signals and forwards the selected input to a single output line. [ 1] The selection is directed by a separate set ...

  5. Encoding/decoding model of communication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoding/decoding_model_of...

    In the process of encoding, the sender (i.e. encoder) uses verbal (e.g. words, signs, images, video) and non-verbal (e.g. body language, hand gestures, face expressions) symbols for which he or she believes the receiver (that is, the decoder) will understand. The symbols can be words and numbers, images, face expressions, signals and/or actions.

  6. Encoder (digital) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encoder_(digital)

    An encoder (or "simple encoder") in digital electronics is a one-hot to binary converter. That is, if there are 2 n input lines, and at most only one of them will ever be high, the binary code of this 'hot' line is produced on the n -bit output lines. A binary encoder is the dual of a binary decoder . If the input circuit can guarantee at most ...

  7. Incremental encoder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incremental_encoder

    An incremental encoder is a linear or rotary electromechanical device that has two output signals, A and B, which issue pulses when the device is moved. [ 1] Together, the A and B signals indicate both the occurrence of and direction of movement. Many incremental encoders have an additional output signal, typically designated index[ 2] or Z ...

  8. Binary-coded decimal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal

    This scheme can also be referred to as Simple Binary-Coded Decimal (SBCD) or BCD 8421, and is the most common encoding. [12] Others include the so-called "4221" and "7421" encoding – named after the weighting used for the bits – and "Excess-3". [13]

  9. 64b/66b encoding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64b/66b_encoding

    In data networking and transmission, 64b/66b is a line code that transforms 64- bit data to 66-bit line code to provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery and alignment of the data stream at the receiver. It was defined by the IEEE 802.3 working group as part of the IEEE 802.3ae-2002 amendment which introduced 10 Gbit/s ...