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For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Urdu ( / ˈʊərduː /; اُردُو, Urdu: [ʊɾduː] ⓘ; ALA-LC:Urdū) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. [10] [11] It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan, where it is also an official language alongside English. [12]
Pakistani literature ( Urdu: ادبیاتِ پاکستان) is a distinct literature that gradually came to be defined after Pakistan gained nationhood status in 1947, emerging out of literary traditions of the South Asia. [ 1] The shared tradition of Urdu literature and English literature of British India was inherited by the new state.
Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While, It tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).
The Urdu alphabet ( Urdu: اردو حروفِ تہجی, romanized : urdū ḥurūf-i tahajjī) is the right-to-left alphabet used for writing Urdu. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which itself is derived from the Arabic script. It has official status in the republics of Pakistan, India and South Africa.
Persian and Urdu are distinct languages. Persian is classified as an Iranian language, whereas Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language. They fall under the larger grouping of the Indo-Iranian languages, and hence share some linguistic features due to common descent . However, the majority of influence from Persian is direct, through a process often ...
Today, it is an important part of the culture of India and Pakistan. According to Naseer Turabi there are five major poets of Urdu: Mir Taqi Mir (d.1810), Mirza Ghalib (d. 1869), Mir Anees (d.1874), Muhammad Iqbal (d. 1938) and Josh Malihabadi (d.1982). The language of Urdu reached its pinnacle under the British Raj, and it received official ...
Although there are also many public schools that teach in the local languages and Urdu, [19] there is a huge emphasis on English as a second language especially in standardised testing. [20] At college and university level, all instructions are typically in English. [21] Pakistan boasts a large English language press and (more recently) media.
Works of Muhammad Iqbal. Sir Muhammad Iqbal also known as Allama Iqbal (1877–1938), was a Muslim philosopher, poet, writer, scholar and politician of early 20th-century. He is particularly known in the Indian sub-continent for his Urdu philosophical poetry on Islam and the need for the cultural and intellectual reconstruction of the Islamic ...