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Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel without fading. A worst-case scenario is a completely random channel, where noise totally dominates over the useful signal. This results in a transmission BER of 50% (provided that a Bernoulli binary data source and a binary symmetrical channel are assumed, see below).
Definition. One definition of signal-to-noise ratio is the ratio of the power of a signal (meaningful input) to the power of background noise (meaningless or unwanted input): where P is average power. Both signal and noise power must be measured at the same or equivalent points in a system, and within the same system bandwidth.
Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is a basic noise model used in information theory to mimic the effect of many random processes that occur in nature. The modifiers denote specific characteristics: Additive because it is added to any noise that might be intrinsic to the information system. White refers to the idea that it has uniform power ...
The equipment that ties together the departmental networks constitutes the network backbone. Another example of a backbone network is the Internet backbone, which is a massive, global system of fiber-optic cable and optical networking that carry the bulk of data between wide area networks (WANs), metro, regional, national and transoceanic networks.
Noise (signal processing) In signal processing, noise is a general term for unwanted (and, in general, unknown) modifications that a signal may suffer during capture, storage, transmission, processing, or conversion. [1] Sometimes the word is also used to mean signals that are random (unpredictable) and carry no useful information; even if they ...
Gaussian noise. In signal processing theory, Gaussian noise, named after Carl Friedrich Gauss, is a kind of signal noise that has a probability density function (pdf) equal to that of the normal distribution (which is also known as the Gaussian distribution). [1][2] In other words, the values that the noise can take are Gaussian-distributed.
Information theory is the mathematical study of the quantification, storage, and communication of information. The field was established and put on a firm footing by Claude Shannon in the 1940s, [ 1 ] though early contributions were made in the 1920s through the works of Harry Nyquist and Ralph Hartley.
Internet background noise. Internet background noise (IBN, also known as Internet background radiation, by analogy with natural background radiation) consists of data packets on the Internet which are addressed to IP addresses or ports where there is no network device set up to receive them. Network telescopes observe the Internet background ...