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Etifoxine has similar anxiolytic effects as benzodiazepine drugs, but does not produce the same levels of sedation and ataxia. [59] Further, etifoxine does not affect memory and vigilance, and does not induce rebound anxiety, drug dependence, or withdrawal symptoms. [59]
Diphenhydramine, while traditionally known as an antagonist, acts primarily as an inverse agonist of the histamine H 1 receptor. [86] It is a member of the ethanolamine class of antihistaminergic agents. [45] By reversing the effects of histamine on the capillaries, it can reduce the intensity of allergic symptoms.
Side effects can differ within the drug class due to differences in metabolism and pharmacology. For example, long-acting benzodiazepines have problems of drug accumulation especially in the elderly or those with liver disease, and shorter-acting benzodiazepines have a higher risk of more severe withdrawal symptoms.
Benadryl Allergy. Benadryl Allergy is the name of a Benadryl product found in the United States and Canada. It is an antihistamine drug used to relieve allergies. Its active ingredient is diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine. It is known to be sedative, making drowsiness a common side effect.
Diazepam. Diazepam, sold under the brand name Valium among others, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. [14] It is used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. [14]
Dopamine antagonist. A dopamine antagonist, also known as an anti-dopaminergic and a dopamine receptor antagonist (DRA), is a type of drug which blocks dopamine receptors by receptor antagonism. Most antipsychotics are dopamine antagonists, and as such they have found use in treating schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and stimulant psychosis. [1]
This use of diphenhydramine has been criticized for a number of reasons, ranging from ethical to safety concerns, [25] but also due to the risk of diphenhydramine's paradoxical reaction, which induces hyperactivity and irritability. [26] This phenomenon can also be observed in adults who use the medication as a sleep aid.
Antidepressant discontinuation syndrome, also called antidepressant withdrawal syndrome, is a condition that can occur following the interruption, reduction, or discontinuation of antidepressant medication following its continuous use of at least a month. [5] The symptoms may include flu-like symptoms, trouble sleeping, nausea, poor balance ...