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  2. Niklas Luhmann - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niklas_Luhmann

    Luhmann's systems theory focuses on three topics, which are interconnected in his entire work. [11] Systems theory as societal theory; Communication theory and; Evolution theory; The core element of Luhmann's theory pivots around the problem of the contingency of meaning, and thereby it becomes a theory of communication. Social systems are ...

  3. Glass ceiling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_ceiling

    The chart from Carolyn K. Broner shows an example of the glass escalator in favor of men for female-dominant occupations in schools. [81] While women have historically dominated the teaching profession, men tend to take higher positions in school systems such as deans or principals.

  4. Walter F. Buckley - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_F._Buckley

    Walter F. Buckley. Walter Frederick Buckley (April 17, 1921 – January 27, 2006) was an American sociologist, and professor of sociology at the University of New Hampshire. Buckley was among the first to apply concepts from general systems theory based on the work of Bertalanffy to sociology [2]

  5. Ratchet effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchet_effect

    The ratchet effect is a concept in sociology and economics illustrating the difficulty with reversing a course of action once a specific thing has occurred, analogous with the mechanical ratchet that allows movement in one direction and seizes or tightens in the opposite. The concept has been applied to multiple fields of study and is related ...

  6. Michel Foucault - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Foucault

    Through this system of truth, power structures are created and enforced. Though Foucault's definition of truth may differ from other sociologists before and after him, his work with truth in relation to power structures, such as sexuality, has left a profound mark on social science theory.

  7. Escalation of commitment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escalation_of_commitment

    Escalation of commitment. Escalation of commitment is a human behavior pattern in which an individual or group facing increasingly negative outcomes from a decision, action, or investment nevertheless continue the behavior instead of altering course. The actor maintains behaviors that are irrational, but align with previous decisions and actions.

  8. Robert K. Merton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_K._Merton

    Robert King Merton (born Meyer Robert Schkolnick; July 4, 1910 – February 23, 2003) was an American sociologist who is considered a founding father of modern sociology, and a major contributor to the subfield of criminology. He served as the 47th president of the American Sociological Association. [ 1 ] He spent most of his career teaching at ...

  9. Structural functionalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_functionalism

    The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Sociology. ISBN 0-19-285237-X; Parsons, T., (1961) Theories of Society: foundations of modern sociological theory, Free Press, New York; Perey, Arnold (2005) "Malinowski, His Diary, and Men Today (with a note on the nature of Malinowskian functionalism) Ritzer, George and Douglas J. Goodman (2004).