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  2. Skeletal changes of vertebrates transitioning from water to land

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeletal_changes_of...

    As aquatic tetrapods began their transition to land, several skeletal changes are thought to have occurred to allow for movement and respiration on land. Some adaptations required to adjust to non-aquatic life include the movement and use of alternating limbs, the use of pelvic appendages as sturdy propulsors, and the use of a solid surface at ...

  3. Harris matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris_matrix

    Harris's work was a vital precursor to the development of single context planning by the Museum of London and also the development of land use diagrams, all facets of a suite of archaeological recording tools and techniques developed in the UK which allow in-depth analysis of complex archaeological data sets, usually from urban excavations.

  4. Vertebrate land invasion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertebrate_land_invasion

    The vertebrate land invasion refers to the transition of vertebrate animals from being aquatic/semiaquatic to predominantly terrestrial during the Late Devonian period. This transition allowed some vertebrates to escape competitive pressure from other aquatic animals and explore niches on land, [1] which eventually established the vertebrates as the dominant terrestrial phylum.

  5. Vertical clinging and leaping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_clinging_and_leaping

    This is an adaptation that has come from the increased need for hind limb propulsion. The evolution of key features of VCL primate anatomy can be explained by analyzing how they leap. Longer limbs allow for enhanced locomotive abilities. Leaping requires primates to achieve a certain height and distance and then land on a vertical support.

  6. Physiology of underwater diving - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiology_of_underwater...

    Physiology of underwater diving. The physiology of underwater diving is the physiological adaptations to diving of air-breathing vertebrates that have returned to the ocean from terrestrial lineages. They are a diverse group that include sea snakes, sea turtles, the marine iguana, saltwater crocodiles, penguins, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sea otters ...

  7. Terrestrial locomotion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_locomotion

    Movement on appendages is the most common form of terrestrial locomotion, it is the basic form of locomotion of two major groups with many terrestrial members, the vertebrates and the arthropods. Important aspects of legged locomotion are posture (the way the body is supported by the legs), the number of legs, and the functional structure of ...

  8. Xylem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylem

    The most distinctive xylem cells are the long tracheary elements that transport water. Tracheids and vessel elements are distinguished by their shape; vessel elements are shorter, and are connected together into long tubes that are called vessels. [6] Xylem also contains two other type of cells: parenchyma and fibers.

  9. Landscape ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_ecology

    Canopy cover surrounding Madison, Wisconsin. Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems. This is done within a variety of landscape scales, development spatial patterns, and organizational levels of research and policy. [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ...