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A superabsorbent polymer (SAP) (also called slush powder) is a water-absorbing hydrophilic homopolymers or copolymers [1] that can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to its own mass. [2] Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels when mixed, [3] absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with ...
A small amount of superabsorbent polymer material is taken (0.1g) and it is placed in the beaker. 100 ml of deionized water is poured into the beaker. After 20 min the swollen polymer was separated by using [filter paper] By weighing the polymer, one can find the swollen capacity of the SAP material. [3]
It is a common observation that when oil and water are poured into the same container, they separate into two phases or layers, because they are immiscible.In general, aqueous (or water-based) solutions, being polar, are immiscible with non-polar organic solvents (cooking oil, chloroform, toluene, hexane etc.) and form a two-phase system.
In materials science, liquefaction [1] is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas [2] or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics. [3] It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial application of liquefaction is the liquefaction of air to ...
In a liquid-liquid interface with monomer dissolved in one phase, polymerization occurs on only one side of the interface, whereas in liquid-liquid interfaces with monomer dissolved in both phases, polymerization occurs on both sides. [2] An interfacial polymerization reaction may proceed either stirred or unstirred.
Exposing the polymer solution to a vapor of anti-solvent; Evaporating the solvent in atmospheric air or at high temperature; The rate at which phase inversion occurs and the characteristics of the resulting membrane are dependent on several factors, including: [2] Solubility of solvent in the anti-solvent; Insolubility of the polymer in the ...
Chemists remove gases from solvents when the compounds they are working on are possibly air- or oxygen-sensitive (air-free technique), or when bubble formation at solid-liquid interfaces becomes a problem. The formation of gas bubbles when a liquid is frozen can also be undesirable, necessitating degassing beforehand.
Insulating material: Water vapour permeation of insulating material is important as well as for submarine cables to protect the conductor from corrosion. Fuel cells: Automobiles are equipped with Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells to convert hydrogen fuel and oxygen found in the atmosphere to produce electricity. However, these cells ...