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Ant communication in most species involves pheromones, which is a method using chemical trails for other ants or insects to find and follow. [ 1 ] However, ants of some species can communicate without using pheromones or chemical trails in general.
Pheromone-based communication is one of the most effective ways of communication which is widely observed in nature. Pheromone is used by social insects such as bees, ants and termites; both for inter-agent and agent-swarm communications. Due to its feasibility, artificial pheromones have been adopted in multi-robot and swarm robotic systems.
Trail pheromones are semiochemicals secreted from the body of an individual to affect the behavior of another individual receiving it. Trail pheromones often serve as a multi purpose chemical secretion that leads members of its own species towards a food source, while representing a territorial mark in the form of an allomone to organisms outside of their species. [1]
Chemical communication within a species can be usurped by other species in chemical mimicry. The mimic produces allomones or pheromones to influence the behaviour of another insect, the dupe, to the mimic's advantage. The process is important in ant mimicry where species that do not look like ants are accepted into the ant colony.
The word pheromone consists of the ancient Greek parts of speech φέρειν phérein, überbringen, melden, and ὁρμᾶν hormān, antreiben, erregen. [3] [4] According to Karlson and Lüscher, the goal was to coin an internationally understandable scientific term for a class of substances based on a clear definition. It was to be a short ...
In some countries the weaver ant is a highly prized delicacy harvested in vast amounts and in this way contribute to local socio-economics. [36] In Northeastern Thailand the price of weaver ant larvae is twice the price of good-quality beef and in a single Thai province ant larvae worth US$620,000 are harvested every year.
Trophallaxis in carpenter ants Camponotus sp.. Trophallaxis is a form of social feeding in many insects that contributes to the formation of social bonds. [5] Trophallaxis serves as a means of communication, at least in bees, like M. genalis, [16] and ants. [17]
Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or communication between different species (interspecific). [2] It is usually used in the field of chemical ecology to encompass pheromones, allomones, kairomones, attractants and repellents. [1] [3]