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The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution , the first being the National Assembly , the second being the Legislative Assembly , and the third being the French Directory .
The First French Empire [4] [a] or French Empire (French: Empire français; Latin: Imperium Francicum), also known as Napoleonic France, was the empire ruled by Napoleon Bonaparte, who established French hegemony over much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
The Directory (also called Directorate; French: le Directoire [diʁɛktwaʁ] ⓘ) was the governing five-member committee in the French First Republic from 26 October 1795 (4 Brumaire an IV) until November 1799, when it was overthrown by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Coup of 18 Brumaire and replaced by the Consulate.
The Hundred Days (French: les Cent-Jours IPA: [le sɑ̃ ʒuʁ]), [3] also known as the War of the Seventh Coalition (French: Guerre de la Septième Coalition), marked the period between Napoleon's return from eleven months of exile on the island of Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the second restoration of King Louis XVIII on 8 July 1815 (a period of 110 days).
May 3: Napoleon sells the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. May 18: Britain declares war on France; May 26: France invades Hanover; 1804. March 21: Introduction of the Civil Code (also known as Napoleon Code) May 18: Napoleon proclaimed Emperor of the French by the Senate; December 2: Napoleon crowns himself emperor, in the company of the Pope; 1805
The Bourbons ruled France until deposed in the French Revolution, though they were restored to the throne after the fall of Napoleon. The last Capetian to rule was Louis Philippe I, king of the July Monarchy (1830–1848), a member of the cadet House of Bourbon-Orléans.
In red, territories left to France in 1814 but removed after the Treaty of Paris of 1815. A map of the Eastern boundary of France to illustrate the Second Peace of Paris 20th Nov. 1815 Southeast frontier of France after the Treaty of Paris, 1815. The 1815 peace treaties were drawn up entirely in French, the lingua franca of contemporary diplomacy.