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Personal trust law developed in England at the time of the Crusades, during the 12th and 13th centuries. In medieval English trust law, the settlor was known as the feoffor to uses, while the trustee was known as the feoffee to uses, and the beneficiary was known as the cestui que use, or cestui que trust .
Under ancient common law principles, a trust could not exist unless there was at least some "title split" – that is, the same person cannot generally hold all legal and all equitable title at the same time. If the legal and equitable title merge in the same person, the trust is considered nonexistent under the so-called merger doctrine. [96]
When the courts said that one person's legal title to property was subject to an obligation to use that property for another person, there was a trust. The Star Chamber (est. circa 1398) played the role of a criminal court of "equity", where judges on the king's authority could impose punishments that deviated from the law. [12]
In the event of a title dispute arising during or after a sale, the title insurance company may be liable for covering specified legal damages, depending on the terms of the policy.
The first title insurance company, the Law Property Assurance and Trust Society, was formed in Pennsylvania in 1853. [1] Typically the real property interests insured are fee simple ownership or a mortgage. However, title insurance can be purchased to insure any interest in real property, including an easement, lease, or life estate.
The cestui que is the person for whose benefit (use) the trust is created. Any such person is, unless restricted by the trust instrument, fully entitled to the equitable interests such as annual rents/produce/interest, as opposed to the legal ones such as any capital gain, of the property forming the trust assets. [1]
The law of trusts was constructed as a part of "Equity", a body of principles that arose in the Courts of Chancery, which sought to correct the strictness of the common law. The trust was an addition to the law of property, in the situation where one person held legal title to property but the courts decided it was fair just or "equitable" that ...
In trust law, a beneficiary (also known by the Law French terms cestui que use and cestui que trust), is the person or persons who are entitled to the benefit of any trust arrangement. A beneficiary will normally be a natural person , but it is perfectly possible to have a company as the beneficiary of a trust, and this often happens in ...