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Aerial view of the protest President Joko Widodo addressing the protest. Scene of the protest at the Merdeka Square. December 2016 Jakarta protests, also known as the 3rd Defend Islam Action (Indonesian: Aksi Bela Islam III), 212 Movement, or simply as 212 Action, was a mass protest led by Islamist groups which took place on 2 December 2016, in Jakarta, Indonesia.
Some Salafi scholars opine that democracy is haram and shirk in Islam and allege that it overrules the Shari'a (e.g. by potentially permitting alcohol and riba if the people vote for it), [12] but they legitimize the opportunity to use democracy to come to power and to vote to establish Islamic rule [18] [19] and encourage voting to choose the ...
Arabia united under Muhammad (7th century CE) according to traditional accounts Islamic studies do not reveal a specific Islamic religious identity and political attitude with sharp boundaries for early period; [15] The Rāshidūn caliphs used Sasanian symbols (Star and crescent, Fire temple, depictions of the last emperor Khosrow II) by adding the Arabic bismillāh on their coins. [16]
Indonesia, with a diverse population of more than 270 million, is the world’s third-largest democracy after India and the U.S., and it has Southeast Asia’s largest economy.
Events that have shaped Indonesia in this period include the independence of East Timor, a bombing campaign by Islamic terrorists (including the 2002 Bali bombings), the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, religious and political tensions from 2016 to 2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Research in 2020 stated that Indonesia is one of the top five countries with the highest levels of government restrictions. [24] In 2022, the Setara Institute on Democracy and Peace noted a total of 333 incidents involving infringment on religious freedom; [3] these were mainly against non-Sunni Muslims and were highest in East Java.
The Impact of Neo-modernism on Indonesian Islamic Thought: The Emergence of a New Pluralism. In D. Bourchier and J. Legge (Eds.), Democracy in Indonesia: 1950s and 1990s (pp.143-150). Clayton: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University. Bush, R. (2009). Nadhlatul Ulama & the Struggle for Power within Islam & Politics in Indonesia ...
He is a senior research fellow at the Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation as well as the executive director of the International Center For Islam and Pluralism. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Anwar was instrumental to the founding of the Indonesian Association of Muslim Intellectuals , having participation in the 1990 meeting with B. J. Habibie ...