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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that begins in early childhood, persists throughout adulthood, and affects two crucial areas of development: social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. [ 1 ] There are many conditions comorbid to autism spectrum disorder, such as attention deficit ...
assess autism in children, adolescents, and adults. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a standardized diagnostic test for assessing autism spectrum disorder. The protocol consists of a series of structured and semi-structured tasks that involve social interaction between the examiner and the person under assessment.
According to the DSM-5-TR (2022), in order to receive a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, one must present with "persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction" and "restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities." [3] These behaviors must begin in early childhood and affect one's ability to ...
A 2003 review of epidemiological studies of children found autism rates ranging from 0.03 to 4.84 per 1,000, with the ratio of autism to Asperger syndrome ranging from 1.5:1 to 16:1; [145] combining the geometric mean ratio of 5:1 with a conservative prevalence estimate for autism of 1.3 per 1,000 suggests indirectly that the prevalence of AS ...
Antipsychotics, antidepressants, stimulants (associated symptoms) [8][9][10] High-functioning autism (HFA) was historically an autism classification to describe a person who exhibited no intellectual disability but had some difficulty in communication, emotion recognition, expression, and/or social interaction. [11][12][13] However, many in ...
Frequency. One in 100 people (1%) worldwide [ 9 ][ 10 ] Autism, also called autism spectrum disorder[ a ] (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by symptoms of deficient reciprocal social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive, and inflexible patterns of behavior. Autism generally affects a person's ability to ...
Autism therapies. A three-year-old with autism points to fish in an aquarium, as part of an experiment (2004) on the effect of intensive shared-attention training on language development. [1] Autism therapies include a wide variety of therapies that help people with autism, or their families. Such methods of therapy seek to aid autistic people ...
A 2015 systematic review and meta-analysis found that children with a family history of autoimmune diseases were at a greater risk of autism compared to children without such a history. [108] When an underlying maternal autoimmune disease is present, antibodies circulating to the fetus could contribute to the development of autism spectrum ...