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2. Dynamical friction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamical_friction

   The effect of dynamical friction explains why the brightest (more massive) galaxy tends to be found near the center of a galaxy cluster. The effect of the two body collisions slows down the galaxy, and the drag effect is greater the larger the galaxy mass. When the galaxy loses kinetic energy, it moves towards the center of the cluster.

3. Spacecraft flight dynamics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft_flight_dynamics

   A space vehicle's flight is determined by application of Newton's second law of motion: =, where F is the vector sum of all forces exerted on the vehicle, m is its current mass, and a is the acceleration vector, the instantaneous rate of change of velocity (v), which in turn is the instantaneous rate of change of displacement.

4. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

   This has the consequence that there exists a gravitational potential field V(r) such that g ( r ) = − ∇ V ( r ) . {\displaystyle \mathbf {g} (\mathbf {r} )=-\nabla V(\mathbf {r} ).} If m 1 is a point mass or the mass of a sphere with homogeneous mass distribution, the force field g ( r ) outside the sphere is isotropic, i.e., depends only ...

5. Action at a distance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_at_a_distance

   Action at a distance is the concept in physics that an object's motion can be affected by another object without the two being in physical contact; that is, it is the concept of the non-local interaction of objects that are separated in space. Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitation are based on action at a distance.

6. Fundamental interaction - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental_interaction

   During the Scientific Revolution, Galileo Galilei experimentally determined that this hypothesis was wrong under certain circumstances—neglecting the friction due to air resistance and buoyancy forces if an atmosphere is present (e.g. the case of a dropped air-filled balloon vs a water-filled balloon), all objects accelerate toward the Earth ...

7. Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion

   This is true for many forces including that of gravity, but not for friction; indeed, almost any problem in a mechanics textbook that does not involve friction can be expressed in this way. [45]: 19 The fact that the force can be written in this way can be understood from the conservation of energy. Without friction to dissipate a body's energy ...

8. Force field (physics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_field_(physics)

   In physics, a force field is a vector field corresponding with a non-contact force acting on a particle at various positions in space. Specifically, a force field is a vector field F {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} } , where F ( r ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {F} (\mathbf {r} )} is the force that a particle would feel if it were at the position r ...

9. Center of mass - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_mass

   This toy uses the principles of center of mass to keep balance when sitting on a finger. In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space (sometimes referred to as the barycenter or balance point) is the unique point at any given time where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero.