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Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria which oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce acetic acid during fermentation. [1] The acetic acid bacteria consist of 10 genera in the family Acetobacteraceae. [1] Several species of acetic acid bacteria are used in industry for production of certain foods and chemicals. [1]
A. aceti has long been used in the fermentation industry efficiently producing acetic acid from alcohol as an obligate aerobe dependent on oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. [4] A. aceti, classified as an acidophile , able to survive in acidic environments, possesses an acidified cytoplasm , providing most proteins with acid stability. [ 3 ]
Acetogenesis is a process through which acetyl-CoA [1] or acetic acid is produced by anaerobic bacteria through the reduction of CO 2 via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway.Other microbial processes that produce acetic acid (like certain types of fermentation or the oxidative breakdown of carbohydrates or ethanol by acetic acid bacteria) are not considered acetogenesis.
It is a stabilization process that reduces odor, pathogens, and waste volume. Hydrolytic bacteria form a variety of reduced end-products from the fermentation of a given substrate . One fundamental question that arises concerns the metabolic features that control carbon and electron flow to a given reduced end-product during pure culture and ...
After the fermentation process, the AAB oxidizes the ethanol into acetic acid. The main difference between mother of vinegar and mother of kombucha is the acetic acid tolerance. Vinegar has a higher acetic acid concentration than kombucha, therefore the species in mother of vinegar needs to tolerate higher levels of acetic acid. [10]
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Fermentation is a type of redox metabolism carried out in the absence of oxygen. [1] [2] During fermentation, organic molecules (e.g., glucose) are catabolized and donate electrons to other organic molecules. In the process, ATP and organic end products (e.g., lactate) are formed. Because oxygen is not required, it is an alternative to aerobic ...
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