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On average, infants have 3-4 bowel movements/day, and toddlers have 2-3 bowel movements per day. At around age 4, children develop an adult-like pattern of bowel movements (1-2 stools/day). The median onset of functional constipation in children is at 2.3 years old, with girls and boys being similarly affected. [2]
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. [8] It is primarily used to treat major depressive disorder and, perhaps more-especially, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), [9] but is also used to treat anxiety disorders [10] such as panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress ...
2–30% [7] Constipation is a bowel dysfunction that makes bowel movements infrequent or hard to pass. [2] The stool is often hard and dry. [4] Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. [3]
Cisapride is a gastroprokinetic agent, a drug that increases motility in the upper gastrointestinal tract.It acts directly as a serotonin 5-HT 4 receptor agonist and indirectly as a parasympathomimetic.
Functional constipation is a condition that requires nonpharmacological management, including education and lifestyle modifications. It begins with dietary guidelines, focusing on regular fiber and fluid intake. Children with functional constipation should consume a normal intake of fiber, as per ESPGHAN/NASPGHAN criteria.
Laxatives, purgatives, or aperients are substances that loosen stools [1] and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent constipation. Laxatives vary as to how they work and the side effects they may have. Certain stimulant, lubricant, and saline laxatives are used to evacuate the colon for rectal and bowel examinations, and ...
Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. [3][4] It is administered orally for constipation, and either orally or rectally for hepatic encephalopathy. [3] It generally begins working after 8–12 hours, but may take up to 2 days to improve constipation. [1][2]
Mebeverine is an anticholinergic but its mechanism of action is not known; it appears to work directly on smooth muscle within the gastrointestinal tract and may have an anaesthetic effect, may affect calcium channels, and may affect muscarinic receptors. [2]