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Homology (biology) The principle of homology: The biological relationships (shown by colours) of the bones in the forelimbs of vertebrates were used by Charles Darwin as an argument in favor of evolution. In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.
A full set of sister chromatids is created during the synthesis (S) phase of interphase, when all the chromosomes in a cell are replicated. The two sister chromatids are separated from each other into two different cells during mitosis or during the second division of meiosis. Compare sister chromatids to homologous chromosomes, which are the ...
A pair of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, is a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization. Homologs have the same genes in the same loci , where they provide points along each chromosome that enable a pair of chromosomes to align correctly with each other before ...
A karyotype is the general appearance of the complete set of chromosomes in the cells of a species or in an individual organism, mainly including their sizes, numbers, and shapes. [ 1 ][ 2 ]Karyotyping is the process by which a karyotype is discerned by determining the chromosome complement of an individual, including the number of chromosomes ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 November 2024. DNA molecule containing genetic material of a cell This article is about the DNA molecule. For the genetic algorithm, see Chromosome (genetic algorithm). Chromosome (10 7 - 10 10 bp) DNA Gene (10 3 - 10 6 bp) Function A chromosome and its packaged long strand of DNA unraveled. The DNA's ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 22 August 2024. Cell division producing haploid gametes For the figure of speech, see Meiosis (figure of speech). For the process whereby cell nuclei divide to produce two copies of themselves, see Mitosis. For excessive constriction of the pupils, see Miosis. For the parasitic infestation, see Myiasis ...
Homology (biology), any characteristic of biological organisms that is derived from a common ancestor. Sequence homology, biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences. Homologous chromosomes, chromosomes in a biological cell that pair up (synapse) during meiosis. Homologous recombination, genetic recombination in which nucleotide ...
Chromatid pairs are normally genetically identical, and said to be homozygous. However, if mutations occur, they will present slight differences, in which case they are heterozygous . The pairing of chromatids should not be confused with the ploidy of an organism, which is the number of homologous versions of a chromosome.