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Spinal disc protrusion visible in MRI [1] A disc protrusion is a medical condition that can occur in some vertebrates, including humans, in which the outermost layers of the anulus fibrosus of the intervertebral discs of the spine are intact but bulge when one or more of the discs are under pressure.
The femoral nerve stretch test can identify spinal nerve root compression, which is associated with disc protrusion and femoral nerve injury.It can reliably identify spinal nerve root compression for L2, L3, and L4. [2]
Disc herniation can occur in any disc in the spine, but the two most common forms are lumbar disc herniation and cervical disc herniation. The former is the most common, causing low back pain (lumbago) and often leg pain as well, in which case it is commonly referred to as sciatica .
A tribotester is the general name given to a machine or device used to perform tests and simulations of wear, friction and lubrication which are the subject of the study of tribology. [ citation needed ] Often tribotesters are extremely specific in their function and are fabricated by manufacturers who desire to test and analyze the long-term ...
hemorrhages over and/or adjacent to the optic disc; blurring of optic margins; elevation of the optic disc; Paton's lines (radial retinal lines cascading from the optic disc) On visual field examination, the physician may elicit an enlarged blind spot; the visual acuity may remain relatively intact until papilledema is severe or prolonged.
The sequestration is encased within the same pleural covering. This is the intrapulmonary variant. In contrast, later development of the accessory lung bud results in the extrapulmonary type that may give rise to communication with the GI tract. Both types of sequestration usually have arterial supply from the thoracic or abdominal aorta.
Postoperative vaginal extrusion is defined as a mesh extrusion through the vaginal mucosa and is the most common form of mesh erosion. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Patients with this complication usually present with discomfort in the vagina as a result of mucosal irritation, abnormal vaginal discharge , or pelvic pain. [ 4 ]
Different kinds of Secchi disks. A marine style on the left and the freshwater version on the right. The Secchi depth is reached when the reflectance equals the intensity of light backscattered from the water. 1.7 divided into this depth in metres yields an attenuation coefficient (also called an extinction coefficient), for the available light averaged over the Secchi disk depth.