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Open pit amber mine in Kaliningrad, showing the lithology of the Prussian Formation, the source rock of Baltic amber. In situ Baltic amber is derived from the sediments of the geological formation termed the Prussian Formation, formerly called the "Amber Formation", with the main amber bearing horizon being referred to as "Blue Earth", so named due to its glauconite content.
The Prussian Formation, previously known as the Amber Formation, is a geologic formation in Prussia, today mostly Kaliningrad Oblast that dates to the Eocene. [1] It holds 90% of the world's amber supply and Baltic amber is found exclusively in the Prussian Formation. [2] The Prussian Formation is equivalent to the Obukhov Formation of Ukraine ...
Rovno amber, occasionally called Ukrainian amber, [1] is amber found in the Rivne Oblast and surrounding regions of Ukraine and Belarus. The amber is dated between Late Eocene and Early Oligocene, and suggested to be contemporaneous to Baltic amber (Prussian Formation). Major exploration and mining of the amber did not start until the 1990s.
The Sambia Peninsula, Bay of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon; the area of the "Amber Coast") Open-pit mining near Jantarny (Sambia Peninsula, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia) Different colours of Baltic amber. The Amber Coast is the name given to a coastal strip of the Baltic Sea in the northwest of Kaliningrad ( Russia , Kaliningrad Oblast , Sambia ...
The Early Oligocene Rovno amber is hosted in the Mezhigorje Formation, and it overlies the Late Eocene Obukhov Formation. [3] [2] The formation is found along the northwestern margin of the Ukrainian Crystalline Shield [1] exposed in the Rivne region of Ukraine and across the border near Rechitsa in the Gomel Region of Belarus. [4]
When described Pachycondyla succinea was known only from three queen fossils which were fossilized as inclusions in transparent chunks of Baltic amber [1] [2] which are now presumed lost. [3] Additional queens have since been found in Baltic, Rovno, and Scandinavian amber. [1] Males were later identified from Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers. [3] [4]
The amber was recovered from fossil bearing rocks in the Baltic Sea region of Europe. Estimates of the age date between 37 million years old, for the youngest sediments and 48 million years old. This age range straddles the middle Eocene, ranging from near the beginning of the Lutetian to the beginning of the Pribonian.
The Amber Road (east route), as hypothesized by Polish historian Jerzy Wielowiejski, Główny szlak bursztynowy w czasach Cesarstwa Rzymskiego (Main Route of the Amber Road of the Roman Empire), 1980 The route from the Baltic Sea. The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber from coastal areas of the North Sea and the ...