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The terms monism and dualism are used to describe two different theories of the relationship between international law and domestic law. Monism and dualism both offer approaches to how international law comes into effect within states, and how conflicts between national and international law are resolved.
Genus monism, "the doctrine that there is a highest category; e.g., being" [21] Views contrasting with monism are: Metaphysical dualism, which asserts that there are two ultimately irreconcilable substances or realities such as Good and Evil, for example, Gnosticism and Manichaeism. [22] [1]
Christianity gained prominence in Roman politics during the reign of Constantine the Great, who favored Christianity and legalized its practice in the empire in 313. [2] Christians were also appointed to government positions at this time. [3] In 380, Trinitarian Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire by Theodosius I. [4]
Structural dualism is manifested in those dual states, like dual monarchies, that are constituted as real unions. One of the most notable examples of state dualism in modern history was the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918), where dualism was manifested as an official political doctrine of co-equality between Austria and Hungary. [1]
Materialism belongs to the class of monist ontology, and is thus different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal reality, materialism is in contrast to idealism, neutral monism, and spiritualism. It can also contrast with phenomenalism, vitalism, and dual-aspect monism.
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Dialectical polar monism holds that: (1) the cosmos and its contents are substantively and formally identical with teotl; and (2) teotl presents itself primarily as the ceaseless, cyclical oscillation of polar yet complementary opposites. Teotl's process presents itself in multiple aspects, preeminent among which is duality. This duality takes ...
Legal dualism may refer to: Monism and dualism in international law; Dualism in the application of law versus arbitrary power in the context of a dual state