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The oikos (household) was the base unit for the organization of social, political, and economic life in the Ancient Greek world. The person in charge of all its affairs was the oikonomos . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The oikos was composed of a nuclear family as well as extended family members such as grandparents or unmarried female relatives. [ 4 ]
The oikos was the basic unit of society in most Greek city-states. For regular Attic usage within the context of families, the oikos referred to a line of descent from father to son from generation to generation. [2] Alternatively, as Aristotle used it in his Politics, the term was sometimes used to refer to everybody living in a given house.
Oeconomicus comes from the Ancient Greek words oikos for home or house and nemein which means management, [1] literally translated to 'household management'. It is one of the earliest works on economics in its original sense of household management, and a significant source for the social and intellectual history of Classical Athens .
The title of this work means "household management" and is derived from the Greek word, οἶκος, oikos, meaning "house/household".The term includes household finance as it is commonly known today and also defines the roles members of the household should have.
The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".
Writing of the people, Aristotle stated that they as a whole thought acquisition of wealth (chrematistike) as being either the same as, or a principle of oikonomia ("household management" – oikonomos), [15] [16] with oikos meaning "house" and with (themis meaning "custom") nomos meaning "law". [17]
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Nomos was an Ancient Greek term that was used for a broad range of societal or socio-political norms or laws in the city-states of that time. [4] This was the basis for the literary claims that Hellenes were different or morally superior to the "warlike" and "bloodthirsty" tribes of the Thracians, who were accused of intemperate drunkenness, immorality and uninhibited sexuality.