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Aside from SOEs, there are also provincially- or municipally-owned corporations, locally known as Badan Usaha Milik Daerah (BUMD). The primary difference between BUMNs and BUMDs is the ownership of the enterprise, whereas BUMNs are controlled by the Ministry of State Owned Enterprise while BUMDs are directly controlled by the local government.
Sometimes this kind of legal entity is called a perusahaan dagang or abbreviated as PD, which sometimes makes confusion with the former name for municipally-owned statutory corporations, Perusahaan Daerah, also abbreviated as PD (today they are called Perusahaan Umum Daerah and abbreviated as Perumda).
The legal industry refers to the aggregation and integration of sectors within the economic system that provide legal goods and services. The global legal industry is fast-growing: in 2015, it was valued at USD 786 billion, USD 886 billion by 2018 and is expected to exceed USD 1 trillion by 2021. [1]
The Coordinating Ministry for Legal, Human Rights, Immigration, and Correction is an Indonesian ministry that administers laws, human rights, immigration, and correction. Previously named Ministry of Law and Human Rights, it changed to Coordinating Minister by Prabowo Subianto .
Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
Deputy Attorney General on General Criminal (Jaksa Agung Muda Bidang Tindak Pidana Umum), which oversee pretrials, additional investigations, indictments, legal actions, executions of court orders and sentencing, examinations and observations over paroles and other legal actions of general crimes. The office is assisted by several subordinate ...
According to historical records, a civil law called the Code Civil des Français was formed in 1804, in which most European referred to them as the Napoleon Code. [2] On 24 May 1806 the Netherlands became a French client state, styled the Kingdom of Holland under Napoleon's brother, Louis Bonaparte in which he was instructed by Napoleon to receive and enact the Napoleonic Code.
A tax is a mandatory financial charge or levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization to support government spending and public expenditures collectively or to regulate and reduce negative externalities. [1]