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Black spruce stand at Arctic Chalet, Inuvik, NT Spruce-pine-fir (SPF) is a classification of lumber that can be traded on commodities exchanges.. In Canada, and parts of the United States, most of the spruce tree species, pine tree species, and fir tree species share similar physical and mechanical characteristics, to the point where lumber derived from any of these species are interchangeable ...
When testing wood in lumber form, the Janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk (known as the heartwood), and the standard sample (according to ASTM D143) is at 12% moisture content and clear of knots. [3] The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain. Testing on the surface of a plank, perpendicular to the ...
Grades standardize the quality of lumber at different levels and are based on moisture content, size, and manufacture at the time of grading, shipping, and unloading by the buyer. The National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA) [ 19 ] is responsible for writing, interpreting and maintaining Canadian lumber grading rules and standards.
The invention of laminated veneer lumber as known today can be attributed to Arthur Troutner. While glue laminated wood veneers were in use since the middle of the 19th century on a small scale for furniture and pianos, Troutner was the first to develop a laminated veneer lumber of a scale large enough to be used in construction.
Neither face is an appearance grade, nor are they sanded smooth. This grade is often used for sheathing the surfaces of a building prior to being covered with another product like flooring, siding, masonry, or roofing materials. WG Guaranteed well glued only. All broken knots plugged. X Knots, knotholes, cracks, and all other defects permitted. WBP
For elite athletes with ADHD, the diagnosis can bring lots of struggle in their personal life. But when they're competing, it can also bring a unique edge.
It’s a new year but the same old shortfalls for Major League Baseball’s 30 franchises in search of the perfect offseason.. Fortunately, there’s plenty of time to shore up almost any ...
As SPF levels increase beyond 50, the formulations tend to be thicker and leave a chalkier appearance, and most people will under compensate that white chalkiness by not utilizing the right amount ...