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  2. K-factor (metallurgy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-factor_(metallurgy)

    The K-factor is the bending capacity of sheet metal, and by extension the forumulae used to calculate this. [1] [2] [3] Mathematically it is an engineering aspect of geometry. [4] Such is its intricacy in precision sheet metal bending [5] (with press brakes in particular) that its proper application in engineering has been termed an art. [4] [5]

  3. Bending (metalworking) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending_(metalworking)

    The K-factor depends on many variables including the material, the type of bending operation (coining, bottoming, air-bending, etc.) the tools, etc. and is typically between 0.3 and 0.5. The following equation relates the K-factor to the bend allowance: [12] = + /.

  4. Euler's critical load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_critical_load

    Using the free body diagram in the right side of figure 3, and making a summation of moments about point x: = + = where w is the lateral deflection. According to Euler–Bernoulli beam theory , the deflection of a beam is related with its bending moment by: M = − E I d 2 w d x 2 . {\displaystyle M=-EI{\frac {d^{2}w}{dx^{2}}}.}

  5. K-factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-factor

    K factor (crude oil refining), a system for classifying crude oil; K-factor (fire protection), formula used to calculate the discharge rate from a fire system nozzle; K-factor (metalurgy), formulae used to calculate the bending capacity of sheet metal; K factor (traffic engineering), the proportion of annual average daily traffic occurring in ...

  6. Euler–Bernoulli beam theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler–Bernoulli_beam_theory

    Here, is the distance from the neutral axis to a point of interest; and is the bending moment. Note that this equation implies that pure bending (of positive sign) will cause zero stress at the neutral axis, positive (tensile) stress at the "top" of the beam, and negative (compressive) stress at the bottom of the beam; and also implies that the ...

  7. Stress intensity factor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_intensity_factor

    In fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor (K) is used to predict the stress state ("stress intensity") near the tip of a crack or notch caused by a remote load or residual stresses. [1] It is a theoretical construct usually applied to a homogeneous, linear elastic material and is useful for providing a failure criterion for brittle ...

  8. Deflection (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_(engineering)

    Deflection (f) in engineering. In structural engineering, deflection is the degree to which a part of a long structural element (such as beam) is deformed laterally (in the direction transverse to its longitudinal axis) under a load. It may be quantified in terms of an angle (angular displacement) or a distance (linear displacement).

  9. Bending - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bending

    In the absence of a qualifier, the term bending is ambiguous because bending can occur locally in all objects. Therefore, to make the usage of the term more precise, engineers refer to a specific object such as; the bending of rods, [2] the bending of beams, [1] the bending of plates, [3] the bending of shells [2] and so on.