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Thread is an IPv6-based, low-power mesh networking technology for Internet of things (IoT) products. [1] The Thread protocol specification is available at no cost; however, this requires agreement and continued adherence to an end-user license agreement (EULA), which states "Membership in Thread Group is necessary to implement, practice, and ship Thread technology and Thread Group specifications."
An IPv6 packet is the smallest message entity exchanged using Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). Packets consist of control information for addressing and routing and a payload of user data. The control information in IPv6 packets is subdivided into a mandatory fixed header and optional extension headers.
Static Context Header Compression (SCHC) is a standard compression and fragmentation mechanism defined in the IPv6 over LPWAN working group at the IETF. It offers compression and fragmentation of IPv6/UDP/CoAP packets to allow their transmission over the Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN).
6LoWPAN (acronym of "IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks") [1] was a working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). [2] It was created with the intention of applying the Internet Protocol (IP) even to the smallest devices, [3] enabling low-power devices with limited processing capabilities to participate in the Internet of Things.
The IPv6 subnet size is standardized by fixing the size of the host identifier portion of an address to 64 bits. The addressing architecture of IPv6 is defined in RFC 4291 and allows three different types of transmission: unicast , anycast and multicast .
An IPv6 network uses an address block that is a contiguous group of IPv6 addresses of a size that is a power of two. The leading set of bits of the addresses are identical for all hosts in a given network, and are called the network's address or routing prefix. Network address ranges are written in CIDR notation.
The W-LSB algorithm is used to compress the SN in a robust way. The size of the sequence number in 1 and 2 byte ROHC packets is either 4 bits ( −1/+14 frame offset ), or 6 bits ( −1/+62 frame offset ), respectively, so ROHC can tolerate at most 62 lost frames with a 1-2 byte header.
ICMPv6 provides a minimal level of message integrity verification by the inclusion of a 16-bit checksum in its header. The checksum is calculated starting with a pseudo-header of IPv6 header fields according to the IPv6 standard, [6] which consists of the source and destination addresses, the packet length and the next header field, the latter of which is set to the value 58.