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A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) can be engineered to bind to practically any desired DNA sequence, so when combined with a nuclease, DNA can be cut at specific locations. [1] The restriction enzymes can be introduced into cells, for use in gene editing or for genome editing in situ , a technique known as genome editing with ...
The activator contains a DNA binding domain that binds either to a DNA promoter site or a specific DNA regulatory sequence called an enhancer. [2] [3] Binding of the activator-coactivator complex increases the speed of transcription by recruiting general transcription machinery to the promoter, therefore increasing gene expression.
Like many other transcription factors, STATs are capable of recruiting co-activators such as CBP and p300, and these co-activators increase the rate of transcription of target genes. [2] The coactivators are able to do this by making genes on DNA more accessible to STATs and by recruiting proteins needed for transcription of genes.
6772 20846 Ensembl ENSG00000115415 ENSMUSG00000026104 UniProt P42224 P42225 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_007315 NM_139266 NM_001205313 NM_001205314 NM_009283 NM_001357627 RefSeq (protein) NP_009330 NP_644671 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 2: 190.91 – 191.02 Mb Chr 1: 52.16 – 52.2 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) is a ...
3. After the activating protein complex binds to the promoter, RNA polymerase easily binds and starts transcribing the target gene. 4. and 5. are additional scenarios where in 4. an insulator/inhibitor can bind to the DNA preventing activation for transcription and in 5. methylation can prevent the insulator from binding.
The transactivation domain or trans-activating domain (TAD) is a transcription factor scaffold domain which contains binding sites for other proteins such as transcription coregulators. These binding sites are frequently referred to as activation functions (AFs). [1] TADs are named after their amino acid composition.
The TALE domain responsible for binding to DNA is known to have 1.5 to 33.5 short sequences that are repeated multiple times (tandem repeats). [2] Each of these repeats was found to be specific for a certain base pair of the DNA. [2] These repeats also have repeat variable residues (RVD) that can detect specific DNA base pairs. [2]
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