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  2. Shikimic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikimic_acid

    The low isolation yield of shikimic acid from the Chinese star anise is blamed for the 2005 shortage of oseltamivir. Shikimic acid can also be extracted from the seeds of the sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) fruit, [2] which is abundant in North America, in yields of around 1.5%. For example, 4 kg (8.8 lb) of sweetgum seeds is needed for ...

  3. Shikimate pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shikimate_pathway

    The shikimate pathway (shikimic acid pathway) is a seven-step metabolic pathway used by bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae, some protozoans, and plants for the biosynthesis of folates and aromatic amino acids (tryptophan, phenylalanine, and tyrosine). This pathway is not found in mammals.

  4. Naturally occurring phenols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturally_occurring_phenols

    [23] [24] The aromatic amino acid phenylalanine, synthesized in the shikimic acid pathway, is the common precursor of phenol containing amino acids and phenolic compounds. In plants, the phenolic units are esterified or methylated and are submitted to conjugation , which means that the natural phenols are mostly found in the glycoside form ...

  5. Phenylpropanoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpropanoid

    The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are biosynthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine in the shikimic acid pathway. [1] Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of coumaric acid , which is the central intermediate in ...

  6. Shilajit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shilajit

    Shilajit or mumijo, Mohave lava tube, 2018. Shilajit (Sanskrit: शिलाजीत; lit. ' conqueror of mountain ', 'conqueror of the rocks'), salajeet (Urdu: سلاجیت), mumijo or mumlayi or mumie [1] is an organic-mineral product of predominantly biological origin, formed at high altitudes of stony mountains, in sheltered crevices and cave.

  7. List of plants used in herbalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in...

    It is the major source of the chemical compound shikimic acid, a primary precursor in the pharmaceutical synthesis of anti-influenza drug oseltamivir (Tamiflu). [93] Inula helenium: Elecampane: It is used in herbal medicine as an expectorant and for water retention. [94]

  8. Polyphenol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol

    Polyphenols incorporate smaller parts and building blocks from simpler natural phenols, which originate from the phenylpropanoid pathway for the phenolic acids or the shikimic acid pathway for gallotannins and analogs. Flavonoids and caffeic acid derivatives are biosynthesized from phenylalanine and malonyl-CoA.

  9. Aminoshikimic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminoshikimic_acid

    Aminoshikimic acid is an unnatural carbohydrate, although aminoshikimic acid is the namesake of the aminoshikimate pathway, which generates the 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA) starter unit required for the biosynthesis of the ansamycins and mitomycins. [1]