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In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as the sample maximum and minimum). [1] It is expressed in the same units as the data. The range provides an indication of statistical ...
Pandas (styled as pandas) is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series .
Also known as min-max scaling or min-max normalization, rescaling is the simplest method and consists in rescaling the range of features to scale the range in [0, 1] or [−1, 1]. Selecting the target range depends on the nature of the data. The general formula for a min-max of [0, 1] is given as: [3]
The concept of data type is similar to the concept of level of measurement, but more specific. For example, count data requires a different distribution (e.g. a Poisson distribution or binomial distribution ) than non-negative real-valued data require, but both fall under the same level of measurement (a ratio scale ).
The instantaneous rate of change is a well-defined concept that takes the ratio of the change in the dependent variable to the independent variable at a specific instant. This is an image of vials with different amounts of liquid. A continuous variable could be the volume of liquid in the vials. A discrete variable could be the number of vials.
The rescaled range of time series is calculated from dividing the range of its mean adjusted cumulative deviate series (see § Calculation) by the standard deviation of the time series itself. For example, consider a time series {1,3,1,0,2,5}, which has a mean m = 2 and standard deviation S = 1.79.
The five-number summary gives information about the location (from the median), spread (from the quartiles) and range (from the sample minimum and maximum) of the observations. Since it reports order statistics (rather than, say, the mean) the five-number summary is appropriate for ordinal measurements , as well as interval and ratio measurements.
For example, in a paired data set where each "pair" is a single measurement made for each of two units (e.g., weighing each twin in a pair of identical twins) rather than two different measurements for a single unit (e.g., measuring height and weight for each individual), the ICC is a more natural measure of association than Pearson's correlation.