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South Sudan's modern history is closely tied to that of Sudan. These ties began in the 19th century with the southward expansion of the Ottoman Khedivate of Egypt and the establishment of Turco-Egyptian Sudan with the land that makes up modern South Sudan remaining a part of Sudan through the Mahdist State , Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and the ...
South Sudan (/ s uː ˈ d ɑː n,-ˈ d æ n /), officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country in East Africa. [16] It is bordered on the north by Sudan; on the east by Ethiopia; on the south by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya; and on the west by the Central African Republic. South Sudan's diverse ...
The South Sudanese wars of independence was the armed struggle for autonomy or independence of South Sudan from Sudan. Rebels in southern Sudan fought for greater self-determination against the central government of Sudan, which tried to suppress the uprising using the army and allied militias.
A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011, [1] on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent. [2] [3] [4] The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M).
The South Sudanese Civil War was a multi-sided civil war in South Sudan fought from 2013 to 2020, between forces of the government and opposition forces. The Civil War caused rampant human rights abuses, including forced displacement, ethnic massacres, and killings of journalists by various parties.
The National Archive of South Sudan is located in Juba, South Sudan. The collection consists of tens of thousands of Sudanese and Southern Sudanese government documents running from the early 1900s , through the independence of Sudan in 1956 and Sudan's First (1955–1972) and Second (1983–2005) civil wars, to the late 1990s. [ 1 ]
South Sudan became an independent state on 9 July 2011, following a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote. [2] [3] It is a United Nations member state, [4] [5] a member state of the African Union, [6] and a member state of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development. [7] In July 2012, South Sudan signed the Geneva Conventions. [8]
Sudan was the first country to recognise the independence of South Sudan on 8 July 2011, one day prior to independence. Four other states followed suit on 8 July. Over 25 countries had recognised the country on 9 July, including all permanent members of the United Nations Security Council .