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The sensory trigeminal nerve nuclei are the largest of the cranial nerve nuclei, and extend through the whole of the midbrain, pons and medulla, and into the upper cervical spinal cord. The nucleus is divided into three parts, from rostral to caudal (top to bottom in humans): The mesencephalic nucleus; The principal sensory nucleus
The trigeminal lemniscus contains two main divisions: The ventral trigeminal tract - consists of second-order axons from the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These fibers cross the midline and ascend to the contralateral thalamus. The dorsal trigeminal tract - consists of second-order axons from the principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve ...
The principal sensory nucleus of trigeminal nerve (or chief sensory nucleus of V, main trigeminal sensory nucleus) is a group of second-order neurons which have cell bodies in the caudal pons. It receives information about discriminative sensation and light touch of the face as well as conscious proprioception of the jaw via first order neurons ...
The mesencephalic nucleus is the only structure in the central nervous system to contain the cell bodies of first order sensory neurons. [2] The mesencephalic nucleus can thus be considered functionally as a primary sensory ganglion embedded within the brainstem , [ 1 ] making it neuroanatomically unique.
This information originates in proprioceptors (e.g. muscle spindles) in the face. Primary cell bodies are in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. These fibers transmit information to secondary afferent cell bodies in the oralis and interpolaris portions of the spinal trigeminal nucleus plus the principal nucleus. Axons from the ...
The first-order neurons from the trigeminal ganglion enter the pons and synapse in the principal (chief sensory) nucleus or spinal trigeminal nucleus.Axons of the second-order neurons cross the midline and terminate in the ventral posteromedial nucleus of the contralateral thalamus (as opposed to the ventral posterolateral nucleus, as in the dorsal column medial lemniscus (DCML) system).
The trigeminal ganglion contains cell bodies of the pseudo-unipolar sensory neurons of the trigeminal nerve which extend their axons both distally/peripherally into the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve on the one end, and proximally/centrally to the brainstem on the other end; the trigeminal root extends from the trigeminal ganglion to the ventrolateral aspect of the pons.
Sensory information is processed and modified at each level in the chain by interneurons and input from other areas of the nervous system. For example, cells in the main trigeminal nucleus (Main V in the diagram below) receive input from the reticular formation and cerebellar cortex. This information contributes to the final output of the cells ...