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There were, nonetheless, some slaves in most free states up to the 1840 census, and the Fugitive Slave Clause of the U.S. Constitution, as implemented by the Fugitive Slave Act of 1793 and the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, provided that a slave did not become free by entering a free state and must be returned to their owner. Enforcement of these ...
The total population included 3,953,760 [3] slaves. By the time the 1860 census returns were ready for tabulation, the nation was sinking into the American Civil War. As a result, Census Superintendent Joseph C. G. Kennedy and his staff produced only an abbreviated set of public reports, without graphic or cartographic representations. The ...
The legal status of slavery in New Hampshire has been described as "ambiguous," [16] and abolition legislation was minimal or non-existent. [17] New Hampshire never passed a state law abolishing slavery. [18] That said, New Hampshire was a free state with no slavery to speak of from the American Revolution forward. [10] New Jersey
Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States. Compiled from the census of 1860. Note the population densities in the Black Belt region. Originally part of the Mississippi Territory, the Alabama Territory was formed in 1817.
The 1860 U.S. Census counted 3,605 slave owners in West Virginia. Of this number 2,572 (71%) owned 5 or less. These owners accounted for 33% of the total number of enslaved people. In 15 counties there was a total of 92 owners of 20 or more enslaved people.
By 1860, the slave population in the United States had reached four million. [172] Of the 1,515,605 free families in the fifteen slave states in 1860, nearly 400,000 held slaves (roughly one in four, or 25%), [173] amounting to 8% of all American families. [174] Ashley's Sack is a cloth that recounts a slave sale separating a mother and her ...
The number of slaves in North Carolina increased from 100,783 in 1790 to 351,059 in 1860. The percentage of population that was slaves varied by county. There were 19 counties in 1860 where the slave population was greater than the free white population in 1860.
It had reached its geographical limits by 1860 or so, and therefore eventually had to fade away (as happened in Brazil). In The Decadence of the Plantation System (1910), he argued that slavery was an unprofitable relic that persisted because it produced social status, honor, and political power. "Most farmers in the South had small-to-medium ...