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Vitamins are organic molecules (or a set of closely related molecules called vitamers) that are essential to an organism in small quantities for proper metabolic ...
Monoglycerides and diglycerides are types of glycerides both naturally present in food fats, [2] including various seed oils; [3] however, their concentration is usually low and industrial production is primarily achieved by a glycerolysis reaction between triglycerides (fats/oils) and glycerol, [4] followed by purification via solvent-free molecular distillation.
Vitamin A status involves eye health via two separate functions. Retinal is an essential factor in rod cells and cone cells in the retina responding to light exposure by sending nerve signals to the brain. An early sign of vitamin A deficiency is night blindness. [6] Vitamin A in the form of retinoic acid is essential to normal epithelial cell ...
Biotin (also known as vitamin B 7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. [ 4 ]
Vitamin B 12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins. [6] [2] [7] Only some archaea and bacteria can synthesize vitamin B 12. [8] Vitamin B 12 deficiency is a widespread condition that is particularly prevalent in populations with low or no consumption of animal foods. [9]
Vitamin B 3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: nicotinic acid (niacin), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] All three forms of vitamin B 3 are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD).
Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds related in molecular structure that includes four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. The tocopherols function as fat-soluble antioxidants which may help protect cell membranes from reactive oxygen species. Vitamin E is classified as an essential nutrient for humans.
In the United States, a multivitamin/mineral supplement is defined as a supplement containing three or more vitamins and minerals that does not include herbs, hormones, or drugs, where each vitamin and mineral is included at a dose below the tolerable upper intake level as determined by the Food and Drug Board, and does not present a risk of ...