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Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus. [5] Signs and symptoms classically include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, but fewer than 50 percent of affected women have both of these symptoms. [1] The pain may be described as sharp, dull, or crampy. [1]
Ectopic decidua are decidual cells found outside inner lining of the uterus. This condition was first described in 1971 by Walker [ 1 ] and the name 'ectopic decidua' was coined by Tausig. [ 2 ] While ectopic decidua is most commonly seen during pregnancy , it rarely occurs in non-pregnant people, accompanied by bleeding and pain.
On gross pathology, the presence of chorionic villi (left) is diagnostic of products of conception, whereas decidua (right) is not. The diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, quantitative HCG, ultrasound, and pathologic evaluation. A solid, heterogeneous, echogenic mass has a positive predictive value of 80%, but is present in only a ...
Decidualization is a process that results in significant changes to cells of the endometrium in preparation for, and during, pregnancy. This includes morphological and functional changes (the decidual reaction) to endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), the presence of decidual white blood cells (leukocytes), and vascular changes to maternal arteries.
A woman may shed the lining in the form of a decidual cast, which may be mistaken as a miscarriage, when, in fact, the ectopic pregnancy still persists. A decidual reaction can be observed in tissue of the peritoneum and ovary during a pregnancy, and represents a response of stromal tissue to progesterone.
Four criteria for differentiating ovarian from other ectopic pregnancies: The gestational sac is located in the region of the ovary. The ectopic pregnancy is attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament. Ovarian tissue in the wall of the gestational sac is proved histologically. The tube on the involved side is intact.
Further, ectopic pregnancy is a typical complication. [3] Surgical interventions can be done by laparotomy or laparoscopy. Non-infertile patients who suffer from severe chronic pain due to hydrosalpinx formation that is not relieved by pain management may consider surgical removal of the affected tubes ( salpingectomy ) or even a hysterectomy ...
On the left fallopian tube there is an ectopic pregnancy and hematosalpinx (marked by red arrows). The right tube is normal. ... by far the most common being a tubal ...