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In mathematics, a quadratic function of a single variable is a function of the form [1] = + +,,where is its variable, and , , and are coefficients.The expression + + , especially when treated as an object in itself rather than as a function, is a quadratic polynomial, a polynomial of degree two.
The function f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c is a quadratic function. [16] The graph of any quadratic function has the same general shape, which is called a parabola. The location and size of the parabola, and how it opens, depend on the values of a, b, and c. If a > 0, the parabola has a minimum point and opens upward.
It is also used for graphing quadratic functions, deriving the quadratic formula, and more generally in computations involving quadratic polynomials, for example in calculus evaluating Gaussian integrals with a linear term in the exponent, [2] and finding Laplace transforms. [3] [4]
The roots of the quadratic function y = 1 / 2 x 2 − 3x + 5 / 2 are the places where the graph intersects the x-axis, the values x = 1 and x = 5. They can be found via the quadratic formula. In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula is a closed-form expression describing the solutions of a quadratic equation.
"Quadratic growth" often means more generally "quadratic growth in the limit", as the argument or sequence position goes to infinity – in big Theta notation, () = (). [1] This can be defined both continuously (for a real -valued function of a real variable) or discretely (for a sequence of real numbers, i.e., real-valued function of an ...
A typical use of this is the completing the square method for getting the quadratic formula. Another example is the factorization of + If one introduces the non-real square root of –1, commonly denoted i, then one has a difference of squares + = (+) ().
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But it can still be used to obtain the convergents in our simple example. Notice also that the set obtained by forming all the combinations a + b √ 2, where a and b are integers, is an example of an object known in abstract algebra as a ring, and more specifically as an integral domain. The number ω is a unit in that integral domain.