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History of experiments. The history of experimental research is long and varied. Indeed, the definition of an experiment itself has changed in responses to changing norms and practices within particular fields of study. This article documents the history and development of experimental research from its origins in Galileo's study of gravity ...
1863 – Gregor Mendel 's pea plant experiments (Mendel's laws of inheritance). 1887 – Heinrich Hertz discovers the photoelectric effect. 1887 – Michelson and Morley: Michelson–Morley experiment, showing that the speed of light is invariant. 1896 – Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity. 1897 – J. J. Thomson discovers the electron.
Science drawing on the works [ 207 ] of Newton, Descartes, Pascal and Leibniz, science was on a path to modern mathematics, physics and technology by the time of the generation of Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), Leonhard Euler (1707–1783), Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) and Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783).
1950 – Research based on the double blind test is published for the first time, by Greiner et al. [34] 1962 – The American physicist Thomas S. Kuhn publishes his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, which controversially challenged powerful and entrenched philosophical assumptions about the progress of science through history. [35]
One of the prominent traits of the 20th century was the dramatic growth of technology. Organized research and practice of science led to advancement in the fields of communication, engineering, travel, medicine, and war. The number and types of home appliances increased dramatically due to advancements in technology, electricity availability ...
1971: Place cells in the brain are discovered by John O'Keefe. 1974: Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. discover indirect evidence for gravitational wave radiation in the Hulse–Taylor binary. 1977: Frederick Sanger sequences the first DNA genome of an organism using Sanger sequencing.
Stern–Gerlach experiment (1920): Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach demonstrates particle spin. Chicago Pile-1 (1942): Enrico Fermi and Leó Szilárd build the first critical nuclear reactor (1942) Wu experiment (1956): Chien-Shiung Wu leads the team that disproves the conservation of parity in particle physics.
The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, as distinct from the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the ...