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By the 14th century, the breviary contained the entire text of the canonical hours. In general, when modern secular books reference canonical hours in the Middle Ages, these are the equivalent times: Vigil (eighth hour of night: 2 a.m.) Matins (a later portion of Vigil, from 3 a.m. to dawn) Lauds (dawn; approximately 5 a.m., but varies seasonally)
The early church was known to pray the Psalms (Acts 4:23–30), which have remained a part of the canonical hours. By 60 AD, the Didache recommended disciples to pray the Lord's Prayer three times a day; this practice found its way into the canonical hours as well.
Matins (also Mattins) is a canonical hour in Christian liturgy, originally sung during the darkness of early morning.. The earliest use of the term was in reference to the canonical hour, also called the vigil, which was originally celebrated by monks from about two hours after midnight to, at latest, the dawn, the time for the canonical hour of lauds (a practice still followed in certain orders).
The Daily Office is a term used primarily by members of the Episcopal Church. In Anglican churches, the traditional canonical hours of daily services include Morning Prayer (also called Matins or Mattins, especially when chanted) and Evening Prayer (called Evensong, especially when celebrated chorally), usually following the Book of Common Prayer.
The Liturgy of the Hours consecrates to God the whole course of day and night. Lauds and Vespers and Matins are major hours, little hours are Terce, Sext and None; the Compline is the last canonical hour of the day. Members of the consecrated life are officially assigned by the church to intone the liturgy of the hours. They, as well as bishops ...
The Assyrian Church of the East has its own 7 canonical hours. In the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Divine Office is found in the Horologion, which consists of 8 canonical hours: Vespers (sunset), Compline (Before Sleep), Midnight Office, Orthros (Sunrise), 1st hour (07:00), 3rd hour (09:00), 6th hour (12:00), and 9th hour (15:00).
Books of hours (Latin: horae) are Christian prayer books, which were used to pray the canonical hours. [2] The use of a book of hours was especially popular in the Middle Ages , and as a result, they are the most common type of surviving medieval illuminated manuscript .
The Fathers of the Church and the ecclesiastical writers of the third century frequently mention Terce, Sext, and None as hours for daily prayers. [5] Tertullian, around the year 200, recommended, in addition to the obligatory morning and evening prayers, the use of the third, sixth and ninth hours of daylight to remind oneself to pray.