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  2. Realized variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realized_variance

    The realized volatility is the square root of the realized variance, or the square root of the RV multiplied by a suitable constant to bring the measure of volatility to an annualized scale. For instance, if the RV is computed as the sum of squared daily returns for some month, then an annualized realized volatility is given by 252 × R V ...

  3. Volatility (finance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatility_(finance)

    CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) from December 1985 to May 2012 (daily closings) In finance, volatility (usually denoted by "σ") is the degree of variation of a trading price series over time, usually measured by the standard deviation of logarithmic returns. Historic volatility measures a time series of past market prices.

  4. How implied volatility works with options trading

    www.aol.com/finance/implied-volatility-works...

    Calculating fair value: By comparing implied volatility with historical volatility, you can determine whether an option is fairly priced. If IV is significantly higher than HV, it may suggest that ...

  5. VIX - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIX

    CBOE also calculates the Nasdaq-100 Volatility Index (VXNSM), CBOE DJIA Volatility Index (VXDSM) and the CBOE Russell 2000 Volatility Index (RVXSM). [6] There is even a VIX on VIX (VVIX) which is a volatility of volatility measure in that it represents the expected volatility of the 30-day forward price of the CBOE Volatility Index (the VIX). [10]

  6. Forward volatility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_volatility

    The volatilities in the market for 90 days are 18% and for 180 days 16.6%. In our notation we have , = 18% and , = 16.6% (treating a year as 360 days). We want to find the forward volatility for the period starting with day 91 and ending with day 180.

  7. Value at risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_at_risk

    The 5% Value at Risk of a hypothetical profit-and-loss probability density function. Value at risk (VaR) is a measure of the risk of loss of investment/capital.It estimates how much a set of investments might lose (with a given probability), given normal market conditions, in a set time period such as a day.

  8. Bollinger Bands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bollinger_Bands

    S&P 500 with 20-day, two-standard-deviation Bollinger Bands, %b and bandwidth. Bollinger Bands (/ ˈ b ɒ l ɪ n dʒ ər /) are a type of statistical chart characterizing the prices and volatility over time of a financial instrument or commodity, using a formulaic method propounded by John Bollinger in the 1980s.

  9. Stochastic volatility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_volatility

    This basic model with constant volatility is the starting point for non-stochastic volatility models such as Black–Scholes model and Cox–Ross–Rubinstein model. For a stochastic volatility model, replace the constant volatility σ {\displaystyle \sigma } with a function ν t {\displaystyle \nu _{t}} that models the variance of S t ...