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  2. Guttural R - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guttural_R

    The alveolar pronunciation [r ~ ɾ] continues to be considered acceptable in all Standard German varieties, but is most common in the south as well as the far North of German-speaking Europe. It also remains prevailing in classical singing and, to a lesser degree, in stage acting (see Bühnendeutsch ).

  3. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    Even with the relatively recent addition of the palatal fricative ʝ and the velar approximant ɰ to the alphabet, other letters, though defined as fricatives, are often ambiguous between fricative and approximant. For forward places, β and ð can generally be assumed to be fricatives unless they carry a lowering diacritic.

  4. Š - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Š

    The symbol originates with the 15th-century Czech alphabet that was introduced by the reforms of Jan Hus. [1] [2] From there, it was first adopted into the Croatian alphabet by Ljudevit Gaj in 1830 to represent the same sound, [3] and from there on into other orthographies, such as Latvian, [4] Lithuanian, [5] Slovak, [6] Slovene, Karelian, Sami, Veps and Sorbian.

  5. Rhotic consonant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhotic_consonant

    The standard Rs in European Portuguese, French, German, Danish, and Modern Hebrew [6]: 261 are variants of this rhotic. If fricative, the sound is often impressionistically described as harsh or grating. This includes the voiced uvular fricative, voiceless uvular fricative, and uvular trill.

  6. Fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricative

    A fricative is a consonant produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together. [1] These may be the lower lip against the upper teeth, in the case of [f]; the back of the tongue against the soft palate in the case of German [x] (the final consonant of Bach); or the side of the tongue against the molars, in the case of Welsh [ɬ] (appearing twice in ...

  7. Voiceless alveolar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative

    In French and most dialects of Portuguese, the four alveolar sibilants have merged into non-retracted [s] and [z], while in European Portuguese, most other Old World Portuguese variants and some recently European-influenced dialects of Brazil all instances of coda [s̺], voiced [z̺] before voiced consonants, were backed to [ʃ], while in most ...

  8. Voiceless postalveolar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar...

    A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The International Phonetic Association uses the term voiceless postalveolar fricative only for the sound [ ʃ ], [1] but it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠̊˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.

  9. Sound correspondences between English accents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_correspondences...

    The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) can be used to represent sound correspondences among various accents and dialects of the English language.. These charts give a diaphoneme for each sound, followed by its realization in different dialects.