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Schramm's model of communication was published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954. It is one of the earliest interaction models of communication. [1] [2] [3] It was conceived as a response to and an improvement over earlier attempts in the form of linear transmission models, like the Shannon–Weaver model and Lasswell's model.
Wilbur Lang Schramm (August 5, 1907 – December 27, 1987) was an American scholar and "authority on mass communications". [1] He founded the Iowa Writers' Workshop in 1936 and served as its first director until 1941.
Berlo's model includes a detailed discussion of the four main components of communication and their different aspects. [141] [142] Berlo's model is a linear transmission model of communication. It was published by David Berlo in 1960 and was influenced by earlier models, such as the Shannon–Weaver model and Schramm's model.
In Schramm's model, communication is only possible if the fields of experience of sender and receiver overlap. [24] [25] Schramm's model of communication is another significant influence on Berlo's model. It was first published by Wilbur Schramm in 1954. For Schramm, communication starts with an idea in the mind of the source.
[4] [5] Later, Wilbur Schramm introduced a model that identified multiple variables in communication which includes the transmitter, encoding, media, decoding, and receiver. [6] In Berlo's SMCR model, the sender is one who sends the message, the receiver receives the message, which is transmitted through the channel where disturbances might ...
Schramm, who, in contrast to the more social science-inspired figures at Columbia and Chicago, had a background in English literature, developed communication studies partly by merging existing programs in speech communication, rhetoric, and, especially, journalism under the aegis of communication.
The model was originally rooted in 1930s behaviourism and was largely considered obsolete for a long time, but big data analytics-based mass customisation has led to a modern revival of the basic idea. After that, a shift which rediscovered the relationship between media and people occurred and led to establishment of uses and gratifications ...
"Most theorists identify Schramm's model with his 1954 book The process and effects of mass communication and present it as a reaction to earlier models developed in the late 1940s.[2][3][12][1][10]" Are this many references necessary?