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  2. Statistical significance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_significance

    The term significance does not imply importance here, and the term statistical significance is not the same as research significance, theoretical significance, or practical significance. [1] [2] [18] [19] For example, the term clinical significance refers to the practical importance of a treatment effect. [20]

  3. Statistical hypothesis test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_test

    Suppose the data can be realized from an N(0,1) distribution. For example, with a chosen significance level α = 0.05, from the Z-table, a one-tailed critical value of approximately 1.645 can be obtained. The one-tailed critical value C α ≈ 1.645 corresponds to the chosen significance level.

  4. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    In a significance test, the null hypothesis is rejected if the p-value is less than or equal to a predefined threshold value , which is referred to as the alpha level or significance level. α {\displaystyle \alpha } is not derived from the data, but rather is set by the researcher before examining the data.

  5. One- and two-tailed tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-_and_two-tailed_tests

    This would have and would be significant (rejecting the null hypothesis) if the test was analyzed at a significance level of = (the significance level corresponding to the cutoff bound). However, if testing for whether the coin is biased towards heads or tails, a two-tailed test would be used, and a data set of five heads (sample mean 1) is as ...

  6. Likelihood-ratio test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likelihood-ratio_test

    The following example is adapted and abridged from Stuart, Ord & Arnold (1999, §22.2). Suppose that we have a random sample, of size n, from a population that is normally-distributed. Both the mean, μ, and the standard deviation, σ, of the population are unknown. We want to test whether the mean is equal to a given value, μ 0.

  7. Exact test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact_test

    Exact tests that are based on discrete test statistics may be conservative, indicating that the actual rejection rate lies below the nominal significance level . As an example, this is the case for Fisher's exact test and its more powerful alternative, Boschloo's test. If the test statistic is continuous, it will reach the significance level ...

  8. Student's t-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Student's_t-test

    The significance level is 5% and the number of cases is 60. Power of unpaired and paired two-sample t-tests as a function of the correlation. The simulated random numbers originate from a bivariate normal distribution with a variance of 1 and a deviation of the expected value of 0.4. The significance level is 5% and the number of cases is 60.

  9. Tukey's range test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukey's_range_test

    This q s test statistic can then be compared to a q value for the chosen significance level α from a table of the studentized range distribution. If the q s value is larger than the critical value q α obtained from the distribution, the two means are said to be significantly different at level α : 0 ≤ α ≤ 1 . {\displaystyle \ \alpha ...