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  2. RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA

    In 1956 Alex Rich and David Davies hybridized two separate strands of RNA to form the first crystal of RNA whose structure could be determined by X-ray crystallography. [ 77 ] The sequence of the 77 nucleotides of a yeast tRNA was found by Robert W. Holley in 1965, [ 78 ] winning Holley the 1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine (shared with Har Gobind ...

  3. Messenger RNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA

    5' cap structure. A 5' cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA m 7 G cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5' end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. The 5' cap consists of a terminal 7-methylguanosine residue that is linked through a 5'-5 ...

  4. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    Double-stranded RNA forms an A-type helical structure, unlike the common B-type conformation taken by double-stranded DNA molecules. The secondary structure of RNA consists of a single polynucleotide. Base pairing in RNA occurs when RNA folds between complementarity regions. Both single- and double-stranded regions are often found in RNA molecules.

  5. Nucleic acid structure determination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure...

    Structure of CMCT used in RNA structure probing Mechanism of the reaction between uracil and carbodiimides [28] The carbodiimide moiety can also form covalent adducts at exposed nucleobases, which are uracil, and to a smaller extent guanine, upon nucleophilic attack by a deprotonated N. They react primarily with N3 of uracil and N1 of guanine ...

  6. Short interspersed nuclear element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_interspersed_nuclear...

    Short-interspersed nuclear elements are transcribed by RNA polymerase III which is known to transcribe ribosomal RNA and tRNA, two types of RNA vital to ribosomal assembly and mRNA translation. [8] SINEs, like tRNAs and many small-nuclear RNAs possess an internal promoter and thus are transcribed differently than most protein-coding genes. [ 1 ]

  7. Nucleotide base - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleotide_base

    DNA and RNA also contain other (non-primary) bases that have been modified after the nucleic acid chain has been formed. In DNA, the most common modified base is 5-methylcytosine (m 5 C). In RNA, there are many modified bases, including those contained in the nucleosides pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), inosine (I), and 7-methylguanosine ...

  8. Nucleic acid quaternary structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_quaternary...

    One example of an RNA homodimer is the VS ribozyme from Neurospora, with its two active sites consisting of nucleotides from both monomers. [9] The best known example of RNA forming quaternary structures with proteins is the ribosome, which consists of multiple rRNAs, supported by rProteins. [10] [11] Similar RNA-Protein complexes are also ...

  9. History of RNA biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_RNA_biology

    The ability of RNA molecules to adopt specific tertiary structures is essential for their biological activity, and results from the single-stranded nature of RNA. In many ways, RNA folding is more highly analogous to the folding of proteins rather than to the highly repetitive folded structure of the DNA double helix. [12]