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Religious studies, also known as the study of religion, is the scientific study of religion. There is no consensus on what qualifies as religion and its definition is highly contested. It describes, compares, interprets, and explains religion, emphasizing empirical , historically based, and cross-cultural perspectives.
The theology of religions is the branch of theology (mostly represented by Christian, Hindu, Islamic and Jewish theology [1]) and religious studies that attempts to theologically evaluate the phenomena of religions. Three important schools within Christian theology of religions are pluralism, inclusivism, and exclusivism, which describe the ...
Philosophy of religion; Psychology of religion; Sociology of religion; Sometimes, theology and religious studies are seen as being in tension, [77] and at other times, they are held to coexist without serious tension. [78] Occasionally it is denied that there is as clear a boundary between them. [79]
William L. Rowe, William J. Wainwright, Philosophy of Religion: Selected Readings, Third Ed. (Florida: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1998) Religious Studies is an international journal for the philosophy of religion. It is available online and in print and has a fully searchable online archive dating back to Issue 1 in 1965.
The relationship between theology and philosophy has been long-debated and discussed within the Christian tradition. Tertullian, an influential early Christian theologian and apologist, believed that philosophy has little to do with theology, arguing that the use of philosophy often corrupted theology, leading to unorthodox beliefs that were not grounded in the early Christian tradition.
A statue of Ibn Hazm, father of modern comparative religious studies, in Córdoba Spain. Al-Biruni (973 – c. 1050 ) and Ibn Hazm (994 – 1064), both of the Islamic Golden Age and considered as the "fathers of comparative religion", compared the study of religious pluralism and their works have been significant in the fields of theology and ...
Pantheism was popularized in Western culture as a theology and philosophy based on the work of the 17th-century philosopher Baruch Spinoza—in particular, his book Ethics. [29] A pantheistic stance was also expressed by the 16th-century by philosopher and cosmologist Giordano Bruno .
While theology attempts to understand the nature of transcendent or supernatural forces (such as deities), religious studies tries to study religious behavior and belief from outside any particular religious viewpoint. Religious studies draws upon multiple disciplines and their methodologies including anthropology, sociology, psychology ...