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The smallest known extrasolar planet that is likely a "gas planet" is Kepler-138d, which has the same mass as Earth but is 60% larger and therefore has a density that indicates a thick gas envelope. [16] A low-mass gas planet can still have a radius resembling that of a gas giant if it has the right temperature. [17]
Sudarsky's classification of gas giants for the purpose of predicting their appearance based on their temperature was outlined by David Sudarsky and colleagues in the paper Albedo and Reflection Spectra of Extrasolar Giant Planets [1] and expanded on in Theoretical Spectra and Atmospheres of Extrasolar Giant Planets, [2] published before any successful direct or indirect observation of an ...
The emission spectrum of the planet PDS 70 b is gray and featureless, and no molecular species were detected by 2021. [22] A second planet, named PDS 70 c, was discovered in 2019 using the VLT's MUSE integral field spectrograph. [23] The planet orbits its host star at a distance of 34.3 AU (5.13 billion kilometres), farther away than PDS 70 b. [19]
A giant planet, sometimes referred to as a jovian planet (Jove being another name for the Roman god Jupiter), is a diverse type of planet much larger than Earth. Giant planets are usually primarily composed of low- boiling point materials ( volatiles ), rather than rock or other solid matter, but massive solid planets can also exist.
If the brown dwarf/planet limit is defined by mass regime using the deuterium burning limit as the delimiter (i.e. 13 M J), CoRoT-3b is a brown dwarf. [194] If formation is the criterion, CoRoT-3b may be a planet given that some models of planet formation predict that planets with masses up to 25–30 Jupiter masses can form via core accretion ...
It was later found to be a gas giant. In 2005, the first planets orbiting a main-sequence star and which showed signs of being terrestrial planets were found: Gliese 876 d and OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb . Gliese 876 d orbits the red dwarf Gliese 876 , 15 light years from Earth, and has a mass seven to nine times that of Earth and an orbital period of ...
HAT-P-12b is a H/He-dominated gas giant planet with a core mass of 11.3 +2.6 −2.1 M 🜨 and is moderately irradiated by its low-metallicity host star. [ 3 ] Therefore, HAT-P-12b is most likely an H/He-dominated planet with a core of perhaps ~10 M 🜨 , and a total metal fraction of ~15%.
Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. It is a gas giant, with an average radius of about nine times that of Earth. [27] [28] It has an eighth the average density of Earth, but is over 95 times more massive.