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French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
Spelling and punctuation before the 16th century was highly erratic, but the introduction of printing in 1470 provoked the need for uniformity.. Several Renaissance humanists (working with publishers) proposed reforms in French orthography, the most famous being Jacques Peletier du Mans who developed a phonemic-based spelling system and introduced new typographic signs (1550).
Although double consonant letters appear in the orthographic form of many French words, geminate consonants are relatively rare in the pronunciation of such words. The following cases can be identified. [15] The geminate pronunciation [ʁʁ] is found in the future and conditional forms of the verbs courir ('to run') and mourir ('to die').
Orthographic transcription is a transcription method that employs the standard spelling system of each target language. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Examples of orthographic transcription are "Pushkin" and "Pouchkine", respectively the English and French orthographic transcriptions of the surname "Пу́шкин" in the name Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин ...
French hors-ligne (literally: "out of line, off line") calques English offline; French haute résolution calques English high resolution; French haute tension calques English high voltage; French disque compact calques English compact disc; French haute fidélité calques English hi-fi (high fidelity) French large bande calques English broadband
1990 : Publication of the ODS 1, replacing the Petit Larousse Illustré (PLI), used as a reference by players until then.; 1994 : Publication of the ODS 2, with 1500 new entries, correcting the few mistakes and omissions of the previous version.
French grammar is the set of rules by which the French language creates statements, questions and commands. In many respects, it is quite similar to that of the other Romance languages. French is a moderately inflected language.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of French on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of French in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.