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orange pigments . α-Carotene – to vitamin A carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange.; β-Carotene – to vitamin A dark, leafy greens, red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
Polyphenols (/ ˌ p ɒ l i ˈ f iː n oʊ l,-n ɒ l /) are a large family of naturally occurring phenols. [1] They are abundant in plants and structurally diverse. [1] [2] [3] Polyphenols include phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannic acid, and ellagitannin, some of which have been used historically as dyes and for tanning garments.
Others, such as some polyphenols and flavonoids, may be pro-oxidants in high ingested amounts. [23] Non-digestible dietary fibers from plant foods, often considered as a phytochemical, [24] are now generally regarded as a nutrient group having approved health claims for reducing the risk of some types of cancer [25] and coronary heart disease. [26]
On the contrary, research indicates that although polyphenols are antioxidants in vitro, antioxidant effects in vivo are probably negligible or absent. [3] [4] [5] By non-antioxidant mechanisms still undefined, polyphenols may affect mechanisms of cardiovascular disease or cancer. [6]
The phenolic unit can be found dimerized or further polymerized, creating a new class of polyphenol. For example, ellagic acid is a dimer of gallic acid and forms the class of ellagitannins, or a catechin and a gallocatechin can combine to form the red compound theaflavin, a process that also results in the large class of brown thearubigins in tea.
Myricetin is a member of the flavonoid class of polyphenolic compounds, with antioxidant properties. [1] Common dietary sources [2] include vegetables (including tomatoes), fruits (including oranges), nuts, berries, tea, [3] and red wine.
Northwell Health partnered with Stacker to examine the decline of multiple births in the U.S. using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Northwell Health.
Quercetin is a plant flavonol from the flavonoid group of polyphenols. It is found in many fruits, vegetables, leaves, seeds, and grains; capers, red onions, and kale are common foods containing appreciable amounts of it. [2] [3] It has a bitter flavor and is used as an ingredient in dietary supplements, beverages, and foods.