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Sino–African relations, also referred to as Africa–China relations or Afro–Chinese relations, are the historical, political, economic, military, social, and cultural connections between China and the African continent. Little is known about ancient relations between China and Africa, though there is some evidence of early trade connections.
China and Great Britain: The Diplomacy of Commercial Relations, 1860–1864 (1974) Fairbank, John King. Trade and diplomacy on the China coast: The opening of the treaty ports, 1842-1854 (Harvard UP, 1953), a major scholarly study; online; Gerson, J.J. Horatio Nelson Lay and Sino-British relations. (Harvard University Press, 1972) Gregory, Jack S.
The Forum on China–Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) (simplified Chinese: 中非合作论坛; traditional Chinese: 中非合作論壇; pinyin: Zhōng Fēi hézuò lùntán; French: Forum sur la coopération sino-africaine) is an official forum between the People's Republic of China and all states in Africa with the exception of the Kingdom of Eswatini. [1]
The Auld Alliance Treaty was drafted in 1295 between Scotland and France against England. The alliance played a significant role in the relations among Scotland, France and England. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except Louis XI. [15]
The New Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) was also created by pro-democracy African states, headed by South Africa. Ian Taylor, an expert of Sino-African relations, wrote, "NEPAD has succeeded in placing the question of Africa's development on the international table and claims to be a political and economic program aimed at ...
The Chinese ambassador to the African Union, Kuang Weilin, called the allegations "absurd" and "preposterous" and claimed they were intended to put pressure on Sino-African relations. [16] [17] China's ministry of foreign affairs also issued a statement, labelling the allegations "baseless" and "complete nonsense". [18]
FT: Scotland 15-32 South Africa. 18:03, Harry Latham-Coyle. A 17-point final margin does not at all reflect how Scotland managed to scrap to stay in the game, but those final ten minutes were a ...
In the original records written in the Scots language, the word "More" or "Moir" refers to people of African origin. [4] [5] An early reference to people of African origin at the Scottish court relates to a group of young women or children in November 1504, recorded as the "More lasses".