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Historically, the Iban were known for their warrior culture, particularly the practice of headhunting, which was a central element of their societal structure and spiritual beliefs until the early 20th century. The Iban’s traditional social units are based around longhouses, which serve as communal living spaces for extended families.
Ritual textiles woven by Iban women are used in the Bird Festival and in the past used to receive trophy heads. The ritual textiles have specific engkeramba (anthropomorphic) motifs that represent igi balang (trophy head), tiang ranyai (shrine pole), cultural heroes of Panggau and Gelong, deities, and antu gerasi (demon figure).
In the Baleh region, the Iban ritual festivals include the Gawai Baintu-intu (wellness festival); Gawai Bumai (farming festival); Gawai Amat (proper festival to request divine supernatural assistance); [16] Gawai Ngelumbung (tomb-building festival) and Gawai Mimpi (festival based on dream messages from the spirits).
Iban's are considered proto-Malays, however their culture has been unaffected by Islamic culture. [2] While many communities have converted to Christianity, some continue to follow indigenous beliefs. [3] Customary practices, including jural rules, rituals, and social customs, are collectively known as adat and remain
The Tangkin (also known as Duku Tangkin or Parang Tangkin) is a traditional parang (knife) of the Iban people from Sarawak, Malaysia and West Kalimantan, Indonesia. [2]The word tangkin in Iban language means "to wear" or "to don", specifically some weapon such as a sword. [3]
Textile from the Iban. Pua Kumbu is a traditional patterned multicolored ceremonial cotton cloth used by the Iban people in Sarawak, Malaysia. [1] [2] [3] In 2012, Pua Kumbu was declared as a Malaysian Fine Art National Heritage by the National Heritage Department of Malaysia. [4]
The Ibanic languages are a branch of the Malayic languages indigenous to western Borneo.They are spoken by the Ibans and related groups in East Malaysia and the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan.
Iban Longhouse constructed using modern materials. Orang Asal are located throughout Malaysia, making up 11% of the population, [7] about 2.1 million people. Orang Asal is an overarching term, encompassing all indigenous people on both Peninsula and East Malaysia.