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RS-485, also known as TIA-485(-A) or EIA-485, is a standard, originally introduced in 1983, defining the electrical characteristics of drivers and receivers for use in serial communications systems. Electrical signaling is balanced , and multipoint systems are supported.
Modbus or MODBUS is a client/server data communications protocol in the application layer. [1] It was originally designed for use with programmable logic controllers (PLCs), [2] but has become a de facto standard communication protocol for communication between industrial electronic devices in a wide range of buses and networks.
The maximum goodput (for example, the file transfer rate) may be even lower due to higher layer protocol overhead and data packet retransmissions caused by line noise or interference such as crosstalk, or lost packets in congested intermediate network nodes. All protocols lose something, and the more robust ones that deal resiliently with very ...
Packet loss is either caused by errors in data transmission, typically across wireless networks, [1] [2] or network congestion. [3]: 36 Packet loss is measured as a percentage of packets lost with respect to packets sent. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) detects packet loss and performs retransmissions to ensure reliable messaging.
In the most common settings of 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bit (i.e. 8N1), the protocol efficiency is 80%. For comparison, Ethernet's protocol efficiency when using maximum throughput frames with payload of 1500 bytes is up to 95% and up to 99% with 9000 byte jumbo frames.
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a communication protocol used for transmitting data between devices in telecommunication and networking.Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), it is defined in the standard ISO/IEC 13239:2002.
This article lists protocols, categorized by the nearest layer in the Open Systems Interconnection model.This list is not exclusive to only the OSI protocol family.Many of these protocols are originally based on the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and other models and they often do not fit neatly into OSI layers.
Deterministic Networking (DetNet) is an effort by the IETF DetNet Working Group to study implementation of deterministic data paths for real-time applications with extremely low data loss rates, packet delay variation (jitter), and bounded latency, such as audio and video streaming, industrial automation, and vehicle control.